About the Authors

Thomas G. Land

Thomas.land@state.ma.us

Affiliation Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anna S. Landau

Affiliation Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Susan E. Manning

Affiliation Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jane K. Purtill

Affiliation Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kate Pickett

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Lauren Wakschlag

Affiliation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Vanja M. Dukic

Affiliation Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TL ASL VMD. Performed the experiments: TL VMD. Analyzed the data: TL VMD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TL VMD. Wrote the paper: TL ASL SEM JKP KP LW VMD. Figure design: TL ASL.