About the Authors

Sherwood R. Casjens

sherwood.casjens@path.utah.edu

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Emmanuel F. Mongodin

Affiliation Department of Medicine and Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Wei-Gang Qiu

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America

Benjamin J. Luft

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Steven E. Schutzer

Affiliation Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

Eddie B. Gilcrease

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Wai Mun Huang

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Marija Vujadinovic

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

John K. Aron

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Levy C. Vargas

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America

Sam Freeman

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America

Diana Radune

Affiliation J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Janice F. Weidman

Current address: Virginia, United States of America

Affiliation J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

George I. Dimitrov

Current address: Center for Genomic Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliation J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Hoda M. Khouri

Current address: Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliation J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Julia E. Sosa

Affiliation J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Rebecca A. Halpin

Affiliation J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

John J. Dunn

Affiliation Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America

Claire M. Fraser

Affiliation Department of Medicine and Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SRC WMH WGQ BJL JJD SES CMF. Performed the experiments: EFM EBG MV DR JKA LCV SF JFW GID HMK JES RAH SRC. Analyzed the data: SRC EBG MV LCV SF WGQ EFM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SRC BJL WGQ EFM CMF. Wrote the paper: SRC.