About the Authors

William Arndt

Affiliation Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Chandra Mitnik

Affiliation Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Karen L. Denzler

Affiliation Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Stacy White

Affiliation Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Robert Waters

Affiliations Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Bertram L. Jacobs

Affiliation Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Yvan Rochon

Affiliations Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, Herbal Vitality, Inc., Sedona, Arizona, United States of America

Victoria A. Olson

Affiliation Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Inger K. Damon

Affiliation Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Jeffrey O. Langland

Jeffrey.Langland@asu.edu

Affiliations Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Competing Interests

Yvan Rochon, an author on the submitted manuscript, is owner and operator of Herbal Vitality, Inc. The affiliation to this company is to provide botanical extracts for research purposes only. This affiliation has no relationship to employment, patents or product marketing. This affiliation does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JOL KLD SW BLJ VAO RW. Performed the experiments: WA CM KLD SW VAO JOL. Analyzed the data: RW BLJ YR IKD JOL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YR IKD BLJ. Wrote the paper: WA JOL.