About the Authors

Benjamin Dainat

benjamin.dainat@alp.admin.ch

Affiliation Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Bern, Switzerland

Jay D. Evans

Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Yan Ping Chen

Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Laurent Gauthier

Affiliation Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Bern, Switzerland

Peter Neumann

Affiliations Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BD PN. Performed the experiments: BD. Analyzed the data: BD JDE YPC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BD LG PN. Wrote the paper: BD JDE YPC LG PN.