About the Authors

Catherine G. Sutcliffe

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Tamaki Kobayashi

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Harry Hamapumbu

Affiliation Malaria Research Trust, Choma, Zambia

Timothy Shields

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Sungano Mharakurwa

Affiliations W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Malaria Research Trust, Choma, Zambia

Philip E. Thuma

Affiliation Malaria Research Trust, Choma, Zambia

Thomas A. Louis

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Gregory Glass

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

William J. Moss

wmoss@jhsph.edu

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WJM HH TS SM PET GG. Performed the experiments: TK HH TS SM PET GG. Analyzed the data: CGS TAL. Wrote the paper: CGS WJM.