About the Authors
- Patrick I. Chiyo
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* E-mail: pchiyo@nd.edu
Affiliations Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Cynthia J. Moss
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Affiliation Amboseli Trust for Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya
- Susan C. Alberts
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Affiliation Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: PC SA. Performed the experiments: PC CM. Analyzed the data: PC SA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SA PC. Wrote the paper: PC SA CM. Contributed all the long-term elephant life history data of the Amboseli elephants: CM. Provided all the guidance necessary for executing this research: SA.