About the Authors
- Anna A. Shvedova
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Affiliation Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Lab Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Alexandr A. Kapralov
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Affiliations Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Wei Hong Feng
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Affiliations Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Elena R. Kisin
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Affiliation Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Lab Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Ashley R. Murray
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Affiliation Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Lab Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Robert R. Mercer
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Affiliation Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Lab Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Claudette M. St. Croix
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Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Megan A. Lang
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Affiliation Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Simon C. Watkins
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Affiliation Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Nagarjun V. Konduru
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Affiliations Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Brett L. Allen
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Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Jennifer Conroy
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Gregg P. Kotchey
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Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Bashir M. Mohamed
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Aidan D. Meade
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Affiliation School of Physics, College of Science and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- Yuri Volkov
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Affiliations Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, Center for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Alexander Star
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Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Bengt Fadeel
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Affiliation Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Valerian E. Kagan
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* E-mail: kagan@pitt.edu
Affiliations Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AAS VEK BF AS. Performed the experiments: ERK ARM RM AAS. Analyzed the data: AAS VEK BF AS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BLA GPK SA. Wrote the paper: AAS VEK BF AS. Performed animal exposures and obtained tissue samples and prepared tissue section: AK WF NVK. Conducted Raman microscopic and electron microscopic studies: CMS ML SW. Carried out the optical image analysis: JC BMM ADM YV.