About the Authors

Akihiro Nishi

anishi@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliations Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Ichiro Kawachi

Affiliation Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kokoro Shirai

Affiliations Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Human Sciences, School of Law and Letters, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan

Hiroshi Hirai

Affiliation Iwate University Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan

Seungwon Jeong

Affiliation Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Japan

Katsunori Kondo

Affiliation Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AN. Performed the experiments: HH SJ KK. Analyzed the data: AN IK KS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AN IK. Wrote the paper: AN IK KS HH SJ KK.