About the Authors

Justin M. Calabrese

CalabreseJ@si.edu

Affiliations Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany

Jesse L. Brunner

Affiliations Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Richard S. Ostfeld

Affiliation Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JLB RSO. Performed the experiments: JLB RSO. Analyzed the data: JMC JLB. Wrote the paper: JMC JLB. Designed models and statistical methods: JMC.