About the Authors

Bruna Galobardes

bruna.galobardes@bristol.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, Causal Analysis in Translation Epidemiology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Valerie A. McCormack

Affiliation Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Peter McCarron

Affiliation St John of God Hospital, Stillorgan, Ireland

Laura D. Howe

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, Causal Analysis in Translation Epidemiology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

John Lynch

Affiliations School of Social and Community Medicine, Causal Analysis in Translation Epidemiology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Debbie A. Lawlor

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, Causal Analysis in Translation Epidemiology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

George Davey Smith

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, Causal Analysis in Translation Epidemiology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BG GDS. Analyzed the data: BG VM. Wrote the paper: BG VM PM LH JL DL GDS.