About the Authors

Shahid Karim

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America

Parul Singh

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America

José M. C. Ribeiro

jribeiro@niaid.nih.gov

Affiliation Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SK. Performed the experiments: SK PS. Analyzed the data: JMCR SK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMCR. Wrote the paper: SK JMCR.