About the Authors

Christopher Irwin Smith

csmith@willamette.edu

Affiliation Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, United States of America

Shantel Tank

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America

William Godsoe

Current address: National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America

Jim Levenick

Affiliation Department of Computer Science, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, United States of America

Eva Strand

Affiliation Department of Forest Ecology and Biogeosciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America

Todd Esque

Affiliation Western Ecological Research Centre, US Geological Survey, Henderson, Nevada, United States of America

Olle Pellmyr

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CIS OP. Performed the experiments: CIS ST WG. Analyzed the data: CIS WG JL ES. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TE. Wrote the paper: CIS WG.