About the Authors

Mei Liu

Contributed equally to this work with: Mei Liu, Hong Gao

Affiliations Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Hong Gao

Contributed equally to this work with: Mei Liu, Hong Gao

Affiliation Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China

Peng Shang

Affiliation Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China

Xianlong Zhou

Affiliation Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China

Elizabeth Ashforth

Affiliation Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China

Ying Zhuo

Affiliations Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Difei Chen

Affiliation Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China

Biao Ren

Affiliations Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Zhiheng Liu

Affiliation Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China

Lixin Zhang

Zhanglixin@im.ac.cn

Affiliation Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ML HG PS XZ DC ZL LZ. Performed the experiments: ML HG PS. Analyzed the data: ML HG EA BR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YZ. Wrote the paper: HG.