About the Authors

Lamberto Manzoli

lmanzoli@post.harvard.edu

Affiliation Section of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Pharmacology and Legal Medicine, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

Corrado De Vito

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Georgia Salanti

Affiliation Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece

Maddalena D'Addario

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Paolo Villari

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

John P.A. Ioannidis

Affiliations Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LM JPAI PV. Analyzed the data: LM GS CDV MD CDV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GS LM. Wrote the paper: LM PV JPAI. Carried out data extraction and the methodological quality assessment: CDV MD LM PV.