About the Authors

Mark Jesus M. Magbanua

Affiliation Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Ritu Roy

Affiliation Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics and Computational Biology Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Eduardo V. Sosa

Affiliation Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Vivian Weinberg

Affiliation Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics and Computational Biology Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Scott Federman

Affiliation Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Michael D. Mattie

Affiliation Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Millie Hughes-Fulford

Affiliations Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Jeff Simko

Affiliations Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Katsuto Shinohara

Affiliation Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Christopher M. Haqq

Affiliation Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Peter R. Carroll

Contributed equally to this work with: Peter R. Carroll, June M. Chan

Affiliations Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

June M. Chan

Contributed equally to this work with: Peter R. Carroll, June M. Chan

JChan@urology.ucsf.edu

Affiliations Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Participated in the design and conception of the study: VW CMH PRC JMC. Carried out the microarray experiments: MJMM MDMM. Participated in the design of experiments: MH-F. Performed the bioinformatic and statistical analyses: MJMM RR EVS SF. Performed pathology examination of biopsy cores: JS. Performed biopsies and collected biopsy cores: KS. Participated in drafting the manuscript: MJMM RR MDM CMH PRC JMC. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.