About the Authors

Silvia Cermelli

Affiliation Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Anna Ruggieri

Affiliations Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy

Jorge A. Marrero

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

George N. Ioannou

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Laura Beretta

lberetta@fhcrc.org

Affiliation Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LB SC GNI. Performed the experiments: SC AR. Analyzed the data: SC LB. Wrote the paper: LB SC. Provided patient samples: JAM GNI.