About the Authors

Suzanne E. Peterson

Affiliations Department of Molecular Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Jurjen W. Westra

Affiliations Department of Molecular Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Stevens K. Rehen

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Holly Young

Affiliation Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

Diane M. Bushman

Affiliations Department of Molecular Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Christine M. Paczkowski

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Yun C. Yung

Affiliations Department of Molecular Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Candace L. Lynch

Affiliation Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Ha T. Tran

Affiliation Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Kyle S. Nickey

Affiliation Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Yu-Chieh Wang

Affiliation Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Louise C. Laurent

Affiliations Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Jeanne F. Loring

Affiliation Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Melissa K. Carpenter

Affiliation Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

Jerold Chun

jchun@scripps.edu

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SEP SKR MKC JC. Performed the experiments: SEP JWW SKR HY CLL HTT KSN. Analyzed the data: SEP JWW SKR. Wrote the paper: SEP CMP JC. Helped with ideas: LCL JFL DMB YCY. Provided cells: JFL LCL MKC. Helped with figures: Y-CW.