About the Authors

Keith Humphreys

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Alexander Grankvist

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Monica Leu

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Per Hall

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Jianjun Liu

Affiliation Human Genetics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Samuli Ripatti

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Karola Rehnström

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Leif Groop

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

Lars Klareskog

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Bo Ding

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Henrik Grönberg

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Jianfeng Xu

Affiliations Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America, Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Nancy L. Pedersen

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Paul Lichtenstein

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Morten Mattingsdal

Affiliations Institute of Clinical Medicine, Section Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway

Ole A. Andreassen

Affiliations Institute of Clinical Medicine, Section Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Colm O'Dushlaine

Affiliations Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Shaun M. Purcell

Affiliations Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Pamela Sklar

Affiliations Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Patrick F. Sullivan

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Christina M. Hultman

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Juni Palmgren

Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Mathematical Statistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish eScience Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden

Patrik K. E. Magnusson

Patrik.Magnusson@ki.se

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

The DGI study was supported by an unconditional grant from the commercial company Novartis Pharmaceuticals with no restrictions imposed on the researchers how to disseminate data or the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AG KH ML JP PKEM. Performed the experiments: AG PKEM. Analyzed the data: AG KH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PH JL SR KR LG LK BD HG JX NLP PL MM OAA CO SMP PS PFS CMH KH JP. Wrote the paper: AG PKEM JP KH ML. Finalized the manuscript by revising and commenting: PH JL SR KR LG LK BD HG JX NLP PL MM OAA CO SMP PS PFS CMH JP. Design of software used: SMP.