About the Authors
- Keith Humphreys
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Alexander Grankvist
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Monica Leu
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Per Hall
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jianjun Liu
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Affiliation Human Genetics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Samuli Ripatti
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Karola Rehnström
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Leif Groop
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Lars Klareskog
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Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bo Ding
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Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Henrik Grönberg
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jianfeng Xu
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Affiliations Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America, Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Nancy L. Pedersen
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Paul Lichtenstein
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Morten Mattingsdal
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Affiliations Institute of Clinical Medicine, Section Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway
- Ole A. Andreassen
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Affiliations Institute of Clinical Medicine, Section Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Colm O'Dushlaine
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Affiliations Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shaun M. Purcell
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Affiliations Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Pamela Sklar
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Affiliations Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Patrick F. Sullivan
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Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Christina M. Hultman
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Juni Palmgren
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Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Mathematical Statistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish eScience Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Patrik K. E. Magnusson
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* E-mail: Patrik.Magnusson@ki.se
Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing Interests
The DGI study was supported by an unconditional grant from the commercial company Novartis Pharmaceuticals with no restrictions imposed on the researchers how to disseminate data or the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AG KH ML JP PKEM. Performed the experiments: AG PKEM. Analyzed the data: AG KH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PH JL SR KR LG LK BD HG JX NLP PL MM OAA CO SMP PS PFS CMH KH JP. Wrote the paper: AG PKEM JP KH ML. Finalized the manuscript by revising and commenting: PH JL SR KR LG LK BD HG JX NLP PL MM OAA CO SMP PS PFS CMH JP. Design of software used: SMP.