About the Authors

Roseline Remans

Contributed equally to this work with: Roseline Remans, Dan F. B. Flynn

rremans@ei.columbia.edu

Affiliations The Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, Leuven Sustainable Earth Research Center at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Dan F. B. Flynn

Contributed equally to this work with: Roseline Remans, Dan F. B. Flynn

Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Fabrice DeClerck

Affiliations The Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, Division of Research and Development, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica

Willy Diru

Affiliation World Agroforestry Centre, The Sauri Millennium Villages Cluster, Kisumu, Kenya

Jessica Fanzo

Affiliation Bioversity International, Rome, Italy

Kaitlyn Gaynor

Affiliation The Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Isabel Lambrecht

Affiliation Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Joseph Mudiope

Affiliation The United Nations Development Program, The Ruhiira Millennium Villages Cluster, Mbarara, Uganda

Patrick K. Mutuo

Affiliations The Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, The Millennium Development Goals Centre for East and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Phelire Nkhoma

Affiliation The United Nations Development Program, The Mwandama Millennium Villages Cluster, Zomba, Malawi

David Siriri

Affiliations The Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, The United Nations Development Program, The Ruhiira Millennium Villages Cluster, Mbarara, Uganda

Clare Sullivan

Affiliation The Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Cheryl A. Palm

Affiliation The Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RR CAP. Performed the experiments: RR CS IL . Analyzed the data: DFBF KG RR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FD JF JM DS PKM PN WD. Wrote the paper: RR DFBF.