About the Authors

Sudin Bhattacharya

Affiliation Program in Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Qiang Zhang

Affiliation Program in Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Paul L. Carmichael

Affiliation Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, United Kingdom

Kim Boekelheide

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Melvin E. Andersen

MAndersen@thehamner.org

Affiliation Program in Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

Paul Carmichael is employed by Unilever and played a role in outlining the issues raised by risk assessment with genotoxic compounds and the European perspective on new directions in risk assessment, especially in relation to cosmetic ingredients. The authors can confirm that this does not affect their adherence to the PLoS policies on data sharing.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MEA SB QZ PLC. Performed the experiments: MEA SB QZ PLC. Analyzed the data: SB QZ MEA PLC. Wrote the paper: SB QZ MEA PLC KB.