About the Authors

Masaya Nakamura

masa@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Osahiko Tsuji

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Barbara S. Bregman

Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America

Yoshiaki Toyama

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Hideyuki Okano

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conducted the cell cultures and most of the in vitro experiments: MN. Performed immunocytochemical analysis: OT. Provided instruction and supervised all the experiments: BSB YT. Supervised the whole project: HO. Wrote the manuscript HO MN.