About the Authors

Maxwell A. Kotlarchyk

Contributed equally to this work with: Maxwell A. Kotlarchyk, Samir G. Shreim

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Samir G. Shreim

Contributed equally to this work with: Maxwell A. Kotlarchyk, Samir G. Shreim

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Martha B. Alvarez-Elizondo

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Laura C. Estrada

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Rahul Singh

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Lorenzo Valdevit

Affiliation Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Ekaterina Kniazeva

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Enrico Gratton

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Andrew J. Putnam

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Elliot L. Botvinick

elliot.botvinick@uci.edu

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Assembled microrheology system, performed all microrheology and imaging, assisted with the shear gradient device design, and wrote this paper: MAK. Designed and machined the shear gradient device: SGS. Assisted with assembly of the microrheology system and analysis of acquired signals: MBA. Enabled multiphoton orbital particle tracking of fibrin fibers: LCE. Performed all macrorheology experiments: RS. Did the FEA for the device: LV. Performed cell culture for initial cell-based microrheology experiments: EK. Conceived the particle tracking experiments: EG. Conceived the shear gradient device: ELB. Conceived and supervised the microrheology experiments and edited this paper: AJP ELB.