About the Authors

Hiroaki Yoshii

Current address: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan

Affiliations Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Department of Preventive and Therapeutic Research for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Haruka Kamiyama

Affiliation Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Kensuke Goto

Affiliation Department of Eco-epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Kazunori Oishi

Affiliations Department of Preventive and Therapeutic Research for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Nobuhiko Katunuma

Affiliation Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan

Yuetsu Tanaka

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan

Hideki Hayashi

Affiliation Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Toshifumi Matsuyama

Affiliation Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Hironori Sato

Affiliations Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Naoki Yamamoto

Current address: Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Affiliations Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Yoshinao Kubo

yoshinao@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Global Center of Excellence (GCOE), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YK. Performed the experiments: HY HK YK. Analyzed the data: HY HK KG HH TM HS NY YK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KO NK YT HH TM. Wrote the paper: HS NY YK.