About the Authors

Sarah Burl

s.burl@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliations Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, Paddington, London, United Kingdom

John Townend

Affiliation Statistics Department, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia

Jainaba Njie-Jobe

Affiliation Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia

Momodou Cox

Affiliation Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia

Uche J. Adetifa

Affiliation Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia

Ebrima Touray

Affiliation Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia

Victoria J. Philbin

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christy Mancuso

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Beate Kampmann

Affiliations Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, Paddington, London, United Kingdom

Hilton Whittle

Affiliation Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia

Assan Jaye

Affiliation Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia

Katie L. Flanagan

Contributed equally to this work with: Katie L. Flanagan, Ofer Levy

Affiliation Infant Immunology, Medical Research Council (UK) The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia

Ofer Levy

Contributed equally to this work with: Katie L. Flanagan, Ofer Levy

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The laboratory of OL receives sponsored research support from VentiRx Pharmaceuticals, which manufactures certain TLR8 agonists although distinct from those studied in this manuscript. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no other known competing interests.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SB KLF OL AJ HW VJP. Performed the experiments: SB JNJ MC CM. Analyzed the data: SB JT OL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SB JT KLF OL. Wrote the paper: SB OL KLF BK. Acquired field data and ran field team: SB UJA ET. Contributed to review and editing of manuscript: SB JT JNJ MC UJA ET VJP CM BK HW AJ KLF OL. Interpretation of the data: SB OL KLF BK.