About the Authors

Leonard A. Mermel

lmermel@lifespan.org

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Infection Control, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Jason T. Machan

Affiliations Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America, Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Stephen Parenteau

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Infection Control, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Mermel has served as a consultant for 3M Healthcare and Sage. No other authors have any competing interest to disclose. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LM JM. Performed the experiments: JM SP. Analyzed the data: LM JM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JM SP. Wrote the paper: LM JM.