About the Authors

Jonathan Y. Lee

Contributed equally to this work with: Jonathan Y. Lee, Zuping Zhou, Peter J. Taub

Affiliations Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, Division of Plastic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Zuping Zhou

Contributed equally to this work with: Jonathan Y. Lee, Zuping Zhou, Peter J. Taub

Affiliation Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Peter J. Taub

Contributed equally to this work with: Jonathan Y. Lee, Zuping Zhou, Peter J. Taub

Affiliation Division of Plastic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Melissa Ramcharan

Affiliations Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, United States of America

Yonghui Li

Affiliation Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Takintope Akinbiyi

Affiliation Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Edward R. Maharam

Affiliation Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Daniel J. Leong

Affiliations Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, United States of America

Damien M. Laudier

Affiliation Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Takuya Ruike

Affiliation Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Phillip J. Torina

Affiliation Division of Plastic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Mone Zaidi

Affiliation The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Robert J. Majeska

Affiliations Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, United States of America

Mitchell B. Schaffler

Affiliations Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, United States of America

Evan L. Flatow

Affiliation Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Hui B. Sun

Herb.Sun@mssm.edu

Affiliation Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JYL PJT MR YL RJM MBS ELF HBS. Performed the experiments: JYL PJT MR YL TA ERM DML TR PJT. Analyzed the data: JYL ZZ PJT TA DJL RJM MBS HBS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JYL PJT MR YL. Wrote the paper: JYL ZZ MZ RJM MBS ELF HBS.