About the Authors

Marina Panova

marina.panova@marecol.gu.se

Affiliation Department of Marine Ecology – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden

April M. H. Blakeslee

Affiliation Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America

A. Whitman Miller

Affiliation Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America

Tuuli Mäkinen

Affiliation South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa

Gregory M. Ruiz

Affiliation Marine Invasions Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America

Kerstin Johannesson

Affiliation Department of Marine Ecology – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden

Carl André

Affiliation Department of Marine Ecology – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MP AMHB AWM TM GMR KJ CA. Performed the experiments: MP AMHB. Analyzed the data: MP AMHB TM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MP AMHB AWM TM GMR KJ CA. Wrote the paper: MP AMHB. Read and commented on the manuscript: AWM TM GMR KJ CA.