About the Authors
- Dale W. Bratzler
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Affiliation Oklahoma Foundation for Medical Quality, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Sharon-Lise T. Normand
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Affiliation Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Yun Wang
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Affiliation Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Walter J. O'Donnell
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Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mark Metersky
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Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Lein F. Han
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Affiliation Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Michael T. Rapp
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Affiliations Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Harlan M. Krumholz
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* E-mail: harlan.krumholz@yale.edu
Affiliations Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, and Section of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
Competing Interests
Dr. Metersky discloses that he is a consultant to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and is a volunteer on the Executive Committee of the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: DWB HMK. Analyzed the data: DWB STN YW HMK WJO MM LFH MTR. Wrote the paper: DWB STN YW WJO MM LFH MTR HMK.