About the Authors

Sara Lindstrom

Affiliations Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Fredrick Schumacher

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Afshan Siddiq

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Ruth C. Travis

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Daniele Campa

Affiliation Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Sonja I. Berndt

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

W. Ryan Diver

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Gianluca Severi

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and the Centre for Molecular, Genetic, Environmental, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Naomi Allen

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Gerald Andriole

Affiliation Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita

Affiliation National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Stephen J. Chanock

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

David Crawford

Affiliation Urologic Oncology, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

J. Michael Gaziano

Affiliations Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Graham G. Giles

Affiliations Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and the Centre for Molecular, Genetic, Environmental, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

Edward Giovannucci

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Carolyn Guo

Affiliations Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christopher A. Haiman

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Richard B. Hayes

Affiliations Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Epidemiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Jytte Halkjaer

Affiliation The Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark

David J. Hunter

Affiliations Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mattias Johansson

Affiliations International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Rudolf Kaaks

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Laurence N. Kolonel

Affiliation Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Carmen Navarro

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

Elio Riboli

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Carlotta Sacerdote

Affiliation CPO-Piemonte Torino, and Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy

Meir Stampfer

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Daniel O. Stram

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Michael J. Thun

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Dimitrios Trichopoulos

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Athens, Greece

Jarmo Virtamo

Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Stephanie J. Weinstein

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Meredith Yeager

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Brian Henderson

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Jing Ma

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Loic Le Marchand

Affiliation Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Demetrius Albanes

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Peter Kraft

pkraft@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliations Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SL FS AS RCT DC BH JM LLM DA PK. Performed the experiments: AS DC GS SJC SW MY CAH DH. Analyzed the data: SL FS AS RCT SIB WRD GS CG JM DA PK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NA GA BB-d-M DC JMG GGG EG RBH JH MJ RK LNK CN ER CS MS MJT DT JV BH JM LLM DA. Wrote the manuscript: SL FS AS RCT DC JM DA PK. Critical review of manuscript: SIB WRD GS NA GA BB-d-M SC DC MG GGG EG CG CAH RH JH DJH MJ RK LNK CN ER CS MS DOS MJT DT JV SJW MY BH LLM.