About the Authors

John R. Erb-Downward

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Deborah L. Thompson

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Meilan K. Han

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Christine M. Freeman

Affiliations University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Lisa McCloskey

Affiliations University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Lindsay A. Schmidt

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Vincent B. Young

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Galen B. Toews

Affiliations University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Jeffrey L. Curtis

Affiliations University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Baskaran Sundaram

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Fernando J. Martinez

Contributed equally to this work with: Fernando J. Martinez, Gary B. Huffnagle

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Gary B. Huffnagle

Contributed equally to this work with: Fernando J. Martinez, Gary B. Huffnagle

ghuff@umich.edu

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GBH JLC FJM GBT. Performed the experiments: JED DLT. Analyzed the data: JED BS CMF MKH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JLC FJM GBH. Wrote the paper: JED GBH. Designed the software used in analysis: JED. Study Coordinators: DLT LM. Significant intellectual contribution: VBY LAS GBT.