About the Authors

Craig R. Cohen

ccohen@globalhealth.ucsf.edu

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Joelle Brown

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Anna-Barbara Moscicki

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Bukusi

Affiliation Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Jeremy R. A. Paull

Affiliation Starpharma Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia

Clare F. Price

Affiliation Starpharma Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia

Stephen Shiboski

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

Both Jeremy Paull and Clare Price are employees of StarPharma Ltd, the company developing VivaGel. Jeremy Paull and Clare Price served on the protocol team and supported implementation of the trial. In regards to the manuscript, they made suggested changes to the Introduction, Methods and Results, but not to the interpretation of the results due to potential conflict of interest. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CRC JMB ABM EAB JP CP SS. Performed the experiments: CRC JMB ABM EAB SS. Analyzed the data: CRC JMB ABM EAB SS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JP CP. Wrote the paper: CRC JMB ABM EAB JP CP SS.