About the Authors

Hiroshi Bandoh

Affiliation Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Ikuhiro Kida

Affiliation Integrated Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroshi Ueda

hueda@fsc.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliations Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystem Conservation, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HB IK HU. Performed the experiments: HB IK. Analyzed the data: HB IK HU. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HB IK HU. Wrote the paper: HB IK HU.