About the Authors

Shikha Bhatia

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mingjian Fei

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Manohar Yarlagadda

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Zengbiao Qi

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Shizuo Akira

Affiliation Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, Japan

Shinobu Saijo

Affiliations Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan

Yoichiro Iwakura

Affiliations Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan

Nico van Rooijen

Affiliation Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Gregory A. Gibson

Affiliation Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Claudette M. St. Croix

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Anuradha Ray

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Prabir Ray

rayp@pitt.edu

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PR AR SB. Performed the experiments: SB MF MY ZQ CMSC GAG. Analyzed the data: SB PR AR CMSC GAG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SA SS YI. Wrote the paper: SB PR AR. Provided clodronate filled-liposomes: NvR.