About the Authors

Ajit A. Kulkarni

Affiliations The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Thomas H. Thatcher

Affiliations The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Keith C. Olsen

Affiliations The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Sanjay B. Maggirwar

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Richard P. Phipps

Affiliations The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Patricia J. Sime

Patricia_Sime@urmc.rochester.edu

Affiliations The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AAK THT RPP PJS. Performed the experiments: AAK KLO. Analyzed the data: AAK THT KLO SBM PJS. Wrote the paper: AAK.