About the Authors

Anmar Khadra

khadraa@niddk.nih.gov

Affiliation Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Massimo Pietropaolo

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunogenetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Gerald T. Nepom

Affiliation Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Arthur Sherman

Affiliation Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MP. Performed the experiments: MP. Analyzed the data: AK GTN AS. Wrote the paper: AK AS. Performed the modeling part: AK. Suggested the ideas for mathematical testing: MP. Provided constructive critique to the manuscript: GTN. Participated in performing the modeling part: AS.