About the Authors

Elizabeth Skovran

eskovran@u.washington.edu.

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Gregory J. Crowther

Current address: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Xiaofeng Guo

Current address: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Song Yang

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Mary E. Lidstrom

Affiliations Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ECS GJC XG SY MEL. Performed the experiments: ECS GJC XG SY. Analyzed the data: ECS GJC XG SY MEL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ECS XG SY. Wrote the paper: ECS MEL.