About the Authors

Tonney S. Nyirenda

Contributed equally to this work with: Tonney S. Nyirenda, Anna E. Seeley

Affiliations Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation and Clinical Immunology Service, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi

Anna E. Seeley

Contributed equally to this work with: Tonney S. Nyirenda, Anna E. Seeley

Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation and Clinical Immunology Service, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Wilson L. Mandala

Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi

Mark T. Drayson

Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation and Clinical Immunology Service, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Calman A. MacLennan

c.maclennan@bham.ac.uk

Affiliations Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation and Clinical Immunology Service, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Infection and Host Defence, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

CA MacLennan is a recipient of a Clinical Research Fellowship from GlaxoSmithKline, awarded through the University of Birmingham. This award is part of the charitable giving of GlaxoSmithKline and involves no employment, consultancy, patents, products in development or marketed products with GlaxoSmithKline. The award does not alter the adherence of CA MacLennan to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TSN AES WLM MTD CAM. Performed the experiments: TSN AES CAM. Analyzed the data: TSN AES WLM MTD CAM. Wrote the paper: CAM.