About the Authors

Hayley C. Whitaker

Hayley.Whitaker@cancer.org.uk

Affiliation Uro-Oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Zsofia Kote-Jarai

Contributed equally to this work with: Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Helen Ross-Adams

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Helen Ross-Adams

Contributed equally to this work with: Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Helen Ross-Adams

Affiliation Uro-Oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Anne Y. Warren

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Johanna Burge

Affiliation Uro-Oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Anne George

Affiliation Uro-Oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Elizabeth Bancroft

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Sameer Jhavar

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Daniel Leongamornlert

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Edward Saunders

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Elizabeth Page

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Anita Mitra

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Gillian Mitchell

Affiliation Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia

Geoffrey J. Lindeman

Affiliation The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

D. Gareth Evans

Affiliation Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

Ignacio Blanco

Affiliation Catalonian Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain

Catherine Mercer

Affiliation Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, The Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom

Wendy S. Rubinstein

Affiliation NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Virginia Clowes

Affiliation Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Fiona Douglas

Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Shirley Hodgson

Affiliation St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Lisa Walker

Affiliation Oxford Regional Genetics Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Alan Donaldson

Affiliation St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom

Louise Izatt

Affiliation Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Huw Dorkins

Affiliation Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom

Alison Male

Affiliation Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

Kathy Tucker

Affiliation Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Alan Stapleton

Affiliation Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, Australia

Jimmy Lam

Affiliation Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, Australia

Judy Kirk

Affiliation Familial Cancer Service, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

Hans Lilja

Affiliation Departments of Clinical Laboratories, Surgery, Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Douglas Easton

Affiliation Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

The IMPACT Study Steering Committee

List of The IMPACT Study Steering Committee available on request.

The IMPACT Study Collaborators

List of The IMPACT Study Collaborators available on request.

UK GPCS Collaborators

List of UK GPCS Collaborators available on request.

Colin Cooper

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

Rosalind Eeles

Affiliations The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom

David E. Neal

Affiliation Uro-Oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

Dr. Hans Lilja holds patents for free PSA and hK2 assays. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HCW ZKJ SJ DL MT ES AM GM GJL DGE IB CM WSR VC FD SH LW AD LI HD AM KT AS JL JK TISC TISC UBC CC RAE DN. Performed the experiments: HCW ZKJ HRA AYW JB AG SJ DL MT ES EP AM GM GJL DGE IB CM WSR VC FD SH LW AD LI HD AM KT AS JL TISC TISC UBC CC. Analyzed the data: HCW ZKJ HRA AYW JB AG EB EP HL DFE RAE DN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HCW ZKJ HRA AYW JB AG EB SJ DL MT ES EP AM GM GJL DGE IB CM WSR VC FD SH LW AD LI HD AM KT AS JL JK HL DFE TISC TISC UBC CC RAE DN. Wrote the paper: HCW ZKJ EB WSR DFE RAE DN.