About the Authors

Eva J. Helmerhorst

helmer@bu.edu

Affiliation Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Maram Zamakhchari

Affiliation Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Detlef Schuppan

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Frank G. Oppenheim

Affiliation Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EJH DS FGO. Performed the experiments: EJH MZ. Analyzed the data: EJH MZ DS FGO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EJH. Wrote the paper: EJH DS FGO.