About the Authors

Xiao-Li Huang

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Zheng Fan

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

LuAnn Borowski

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Robbie B. Mailliard

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Morgane Rolland

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

James I. Mullins

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Richard D. Day

Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Charles R. Rinaldo

rinaldo@pitt.edu

Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XLH CRR. Performed the experiments: XLH ZF LB. Analyzed the data: XLH ZF MR JIM RDD CRR. Wrote the paper: RBM MR JIM CRR.