About the Authors

Alicia Arnott

Current address: Institut Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Affiliations National Serology Reference Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Darren Jardine

Current address: Department of Microbiology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Affiliation National Serology Reference Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Kim Wilson

Affiliation National Serology Reference Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Paul R. Gorry

Affiliations Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Kate Merlin

Affiliation National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Patricia Grey

Affiliation National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Matthew G. Law

Affiliation National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Elizabeth M. Dax

Affiliations National Serology Reference Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Anthony D. Kelleher

Affiliations National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Don E. Smith

Current address: Head of Research Development, Albion Street Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Affiliation National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Dale A. McPhee

dale@nrl.gov.au

Affiliations National Serology Reference Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

and the Pulse Study Team

Members of the Pulse Study Team are listed in the Acknowledgments

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AA DJ PRG PG ADK DES DAM. Performed the experiments: AA KW. Analyzed the data: AA DJ KW ML EMD ADK DES DAM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KW PRG KM PG ML EMD ADK DES. Wrote the paper: AA PRG DAM.