About the Authors

Ying-Wooi Wan

Affiliation Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Ebrahim Sabbagh

Affiliation Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Rebecca Raese

Affiliation Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Yong Qian

Affiliation The Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Dajie Luo

Affiliation Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

James Denvir

Affiliation Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Val Vallyathan

Affiliation The Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Vincent Castranova

Affiliation The Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Nancy Lan Guo

lguo@hsc.wvu.edu

Affiliation Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NLG. Performed the experiments: ES RR. Analyzed the data: YWW DL JD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YQ VV VC. Wrote the paper: YWW NLG. Guided the RT-PCR experiments: YQ. Examined lung cancer tumor tissue samples: VV.