About the Authors
- John R. Fieberg
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* E-mail: john.fieberg@state.mn.us
Affiliations Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Biometrics Unit, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Forest Lake, Minnesota, United States of America
- Kyle W. Shertzer
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Affiliation Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
- Paul B. Conn
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Affiliation Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
- Karen V. Noyce
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Affiliation Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States of America
- David L. Garshelis
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Affiliations Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Analyzed the data: JRF. Wrote the paper: JRF KWS PBC KVN DLG. Wrote ADMB code for fitting the models: JRF KWS. Conducted the simulation study: JRF. Contributed to the design of the simulation study: JRF KWS PBC KVN DLG. Contributed to the formulation of the ADMB estimation models: JRF KWS PBC KVN DLG. Responsible for collecting all of the MN black bear data: KVN DLG.