About the Authors

Joseph E. Olberding

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Michael D. Thouless

Affiliation Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Ellen M. Arruda

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering and Program in Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Krishna Garikipati

krishna@umich.edu

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Wrote the paper: KG. Developed the model: KG JO MT EMA. Carried out the computations: JO.