About the Authors

Eliot B. Friedman

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Yi Sun

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jason T. Moore

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Hsiao-Tung Hung

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Qing Cheng Meng

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Priyan Perera

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

William J. Joiner

Current address: Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Steven A. Thomas

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Roderic G. Eckenhoff

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Amita Sehgal

Affiliations Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Max B. Kelz

kelzma@uphs.upenn.edu

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EBF RGE MBK. Performed the experiments: EBF YS HTH QCM PP. Analyzed the data: EBF YS JTM QCM PP WJJ MBK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EBF JTM WJJ SAT AS MBK. Wrote the paper: EBF MBK. Edited manuscript: SAT RGE AS.