About the Authors

Marianne De Paepe

Contributed equally to this work with: Marianne De Paepe, Silvia De Monte

Affiliation INSERM, Unité 1001, Génétique Moléculaire Evolutive et Médicale, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

Silvia De Monte

Contributed equally to this work with: Marianne De Paepe, Silvia De Monte

demonte@biologie.ens.fr

Affiliation Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR 7625, Ecologie et Evolution, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7625, Ecologie et Evolution Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7625, Ecologie et Evolution, Paris, France

Lydia Robert

Affiliations INSERM, Unité 1001, Génétique Moléculaire Evolutive et Médicale, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France, AgroParisTech ENGREF, Paris, France

Ariel B. Lindner

Affiliation INSERM, Unité 1001, Génétique Moléculaire Evolutive et Médicale, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

François Taddei

Affiliation INSERM, Unité 1001, Génétique Moléculaire Evolutive et Médicale, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MDP SDM. Performed the experiments: MDP SDM. Analyzed the data: MDP SDM LR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MDP SDM. Wrote the paper: MDP SDM. Conceived the experiments and contributed to manuscript writing: ABL FT.