About the Authors

Shanta M. Zimmer

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Corey J. Crevar

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Donald M. Carter

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

James H. Stark

Affiliation Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Brendan M. Giles

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Richard K. Zimmerman

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Stephen M. Ostroff

Affiliation Pennsylvania Department of Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Bruce Y. Lee

Affiliations School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Donald S. Burke

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ted M. Ross

tmr15@pitt.edu

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SMZ DSB TMR. Performed the experiments: CJC DMC JHS BMG. Analyzed the data: SMZ CJC DMC JHS BMG RZ SO BYL DSB TMR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SMZ BMG RZ TMR. Wrote the paper: SMZ DSB TMR.