About the Authors

Colin D. Steer

Colin.Steer@bristol.ac.uk

Affiliation Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

George Davey Smith

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Pauline M. Emmett

Affiliation Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Joseph R. Hibbeln

Affiliation National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jean Golding

Affiliation Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PME JG. Analyzed the data: CDS. Wrote the paper: CDS GDS PME JRH JG.