About the Authors

Yuichi Nakajima

yn_r160@yahoo.co.jp

Affiliation Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan

Akira Nishikawa

Affiliation Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan

Akira Iguchi

Affiliation Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan

Kazuhiko Sakai

Affiliation Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YN AN KS. Performed the experiments: YN AN. Analyzed the data: YN AI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YN AN KS. Wrote the paper: YN. Manuscript editing: AI KS. Provided information on the population genetics and ecology that contributed to the interpretation of data: AI KS.